1) Basic Information

1. Outline

Country Name	Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 　 map
Capital	Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte is the legislative capital.
Population	19,300,000
Area	65,607 k㎡
Ethnic Groups	Sinhalese (72.9%), Tamil (18.0%), Sri Lankan Tamil (8.0%)
Languages	Sinhala, Tamil, English, other ethnic languages etc.
Religions	Buddhist (70.0%), Hindu (10.0%), Muslim (8.5%), Christian (11.3%) etc.

sources: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Web Site

2. Conflict Issues/Needs

Emergency Assistance in the North
Internally Displaced Persons caused by internal war (June 2009)

On May 19 2009, after over 25 years of dispute, the civil war between the Sri Lankan government and the Northern anti-governmental force LTTE finally came to an end.

However, due to the large-scale attack initiated by the government in areas controlled by LTTE, a large number of internally displaced persons fled the North into government-controlled areas, and on May 25th, reached the number 280,000. This number was larger than expected by the government. Three facilities to accommodate these people are under construction, and emergency assistance in all sectors is in dire need.

Assistance in the East

Fatigue from the civil war and damage by the tsunami

An internal conflict between the Sinhalese government and the Tamil armed forces, LTTE, had continued for the past 20 years in this country. Despite the ceasefire agreement in 2002, the conflict recurred in the Northern and Eastern parts of the country in Spring 2006, which led to another 4000 deaths and a large number of refugees. By March 2007, the number of the Sri Lankan internally displaced persons exceeded 300,000. Moreover, in December 2004, the coastal area was inflicted with the tsunami damages caused by the Sumatra Earthquake. This is hindering the reconstruction process, and the local people are not able to return to their normal lives.

2) Our activities in Sri Lanka

(1) JEN's Assistance Program Policy

“For cleaner and healthier lives, by water supply assistance”

The internally displaced persons living in Manik Farm, an accommodation camp in the Northern Vavunia District where JEN is currently assisting water supply, can only obtain about quarter of the amount of water needed per day. To make up for the rest, these refugees are procuring water from a nearby river. However, since there are people who dispose excretion from the upstream, the decaying sanitary situation is a major concern.

Water supply assistance is directly related to survival and disease prevention for those who have been fleeing from war for months. Envisaging the refugees' resettlement in the North, JEN will continue to assist in water supply for their well being until the day of their return.

“Economic and Psychosocial Self-reliance of the Affected People”

In Batticaloa, situated in the East of the country, JEN is currently assisting the resettlement of refugees and their economic and psychosocial self-reliance. Since January 2007, this region was a major battlefield where the Sri Lankan government planned to obliterate the LTTE force, and where the damages from tsunami remain abandoned. People from this area who have been repeatedly fleeing and resettling as many as eight times have difficulty believing in peace and are skeptical about their resettlement. In the midst of this situation, JEN supports these people in regaining their faith in peace and optimism for self-reliance.

(2) Current Projects

Water Supply Project as part of Emergency Assistance in the North (June 2009~)

For those living in Manik Farm, a refugee camp in the Vavunia District, water shortage is a serious issue concerning life and death.

JEN is currently transporting water to the campsite using 18 supply trucks (nine large trucks, and nine small trucks) from a water source located some 8km away. Every morning, supply spots inside the camp are decided at the Sri Lankan Water Board meetings, with attendance of all involved international organizations. The amount of water supplied by by JEN's water supply truck is on average about 3.1 liters per person (total 831,600 liters), which makes up for over one third of the water necessary in the camp.

Moreover, in addition to the current project that assists lives of those in the camp until their return, JEN is planning its next project to supply water at new camps that are currently under way.

(3) The Previous Project

Coconut rope making / related products (2005/4 - 2006/3)

In Sri Lanka, local people use coconut fiber in everyday life since they can obtain it easily. There is a great demand for coconut ropes, as it is used widely, such as to tie the roofs and fences of houses, construction nets, and tea bags. JEN's coconut rope making project helped local people learn to make different types of ropes, mats, brooms, and other goods from coconut fiber.

Moreover, local people asked us to teach them marketing skills to connect the coconut related products produced through this project to income generation. Therefore, we introduced marketing specialists and organized marketing classes, which were highly appreciated by the local people.

Fishnet making (2007/9 - 2008/4)

Fishermen living along the coastline suffered the heaviest damages from the tsunami. They lost their sources of income, such as boats and fishnets, and they are left with nothing to do.. In order to respond to these needs, JEN organized workshops on fishnet making. Instead of distributing actual fishing nets, JEN gives raw materials to participants, conducts lectures, and teaches fishnet making techniques through group workshops. This activity aimed to ease victims from the painful memories of the tsunami by having them focus on the handcraft of fishnet making and by strengthening the relationships amongst neighbors. Furthermore, the fishnet making lectures gave them the opportunity to learn the means and theories of fishing, so that when they resume their trade, it will be more efficient.

On a side note, as a gesture of gratitude to JEN staff, participants brought lobsters that they caught with the fishing nets they had made in our workshops. . We hope that their happiness to be fishing again will become their strength to regain their former lives.

Gardening (2006/4 - 2007/12)

JEN started an organic farming project for tsunami victims, an effective income generation activity at low cost. In Hambantota, there are as many agricultural families as there are fishing families. Some households generated their income through both trades. JEN organized workshops to teach local people how to grow vegetables organically, helping victims who have no job and no income, to reconstruct their livelihoods in the mid- and long-term. Organic farming includes recycling garbage as compost, using various herbs as organic agrochemicals, removing harmful insects, replanting, seedling, etc. These techniques are new to local people, but once some of them obtain the knowledge, they can pass it on to neighboring communities. We believe that such rippling effects will allow, not only target villages, but also nearby communities to benefit through our project.

Outdoor activities for school children (2006/10 - 2007/9)

In one of the villages where we conducted occupational trainings, JEN organized outdoor activities for 50 children who suffered from the tsunami. Children could be eased from painful memories and the emotional damage they carry by talking to friends, and playing sports and games together. Sports instructors coached children warm-up exercises, gymnastics, and recreational activities. Sports activities included volleyball and cricket, the most popular sports in Sri Lanka. At the same time, Muslim girls, who cannot easily play outside due to religious reasons, enjoyed indoor games such as chess and carrom.

Children were scared to even listen to the sound of waves soon after the tsunami disaster. However, through this activity, they have been able to get close to the shore again. It takes time for emotional damages to heal, but JEN will continue to support the local children so that their pain may be eased one step at a time.

Psychological Counseling (2005/4 - 2006/3)

Social workers and clinical psychologist have carried out counseling for the participants of occupational trainings and children's outdoor activities. Victims of the tsunami have a tendency to become withdrawn. Our wish is for them to participate in our group activities at least once, with the aim to build relationships where people can share their pains and encourage each other. The counselors talked to the participants while they were engaged in the activities, in order to carry out psycho-social treatment that is casual and respectful of the participants' dispositions.

Male participants first resisted to showing their "weaknesses". However, they told us that as they shared their tsunami experiences with others, they became more positive about the future. JEN carries out, and will continue to carry out, assistance for self-reliance that is deeply based in such psycho-social care.

Emergency Assistance after Tsunami (2004/12 - 2005/3)

In the instant when the tsunami hit, the people of Sri Lanka lost their families and household items, suddenly having to face emotional and material difficulties. In order to meet the needs of victims who restarted their lives in temporary shelters, JEN distributed food supplies, water, clothes and other daily necessities. In particular, we distributed daily necessities for 2,000 households, about 10,000 people, in the southern district of Hambantota, where people were most affected by the tsunami.

Sri Lanka

I. Aperçu Géopolitique

Nom du Pays	République Démocratique Socialiste du Sri Lanka 　　 Plan
Capitale	Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte
Population	19,300,000
Superficie	65,607km²
Groupes Ethniques	Cinghalais (72,9%), Tamoul (18,0%), Tamoul Sri Lankais (8,0%)
Langues	le cinghalais, le tamoul, l'anglais et autres langues ethniques
Religions	bouddhistes (70.0%), hindous (10.0%), musulmans (8.5%), chrétiens (11.3%), etc.

Sources : Ministère des Affaires Étrangères du Japon

II. Contexte Historique

<Appauvrissement dû à la Guerre Civile et au Tsunami>

Au Sri Lanka, l'armée de Libération Tigres du Tamil Eelam (LTTE), une des plus grandes forces séparatistes armées en conflit avec le gouvernement depuis 1975. La guerre a provoqué le déplacement interne de populations et une concentration dans les camps sur les lignes côtières du pays. Ces camps ont été en partie balayés par le dernier désastre de Tsunami du 26 décembre 2004 à la suite du séisme de Sumatra. Le raz de marée a submergé les logements et arraché les propriétés de quelques 45,000 personnes.

III. Besoins Générales des Populations Sri Lankaises
Les Sri Lankais sont confrontés à la fois à des difficultés d'ordre psychologique et matériel après avoir perdu leurs familles et leurs moyens d'existence après le passage du Tsunami. Les victimes ont eu besoin du minimum vital tel que de la nourriture, de l'eau et des vêtements. De plus, les pêcheurs de la région côtière ont perdu tous leurs moyens de substance tels que bateaux et filets, alors que les sols se sont appauvris, étant endommagés par les eaux de mer. Au regard des urgences, le secours gouvernemental sur le plan matériel et financier ne correspond plus au besoin des habitants. Le besoin crucial des pêcheurs était de retrouver rapidement des emplois afin d'améliorer leur existence. Ainsi, JEN a identifié trois zones d'activités: la création de revenus, la réhabilitation psychosociale, et les secours d'urgence.
- IV. Nos Activités
Programme d'auto prise en charge
JEN a mis en œuvre des projets d'ordre psychosocial au profit des victimes du Tsunami. Lesdits projets comprennent trois volets : Les formations professionnelles (tels que les ateliers de cordes, de fibres de noix de coco, de filets de pêche, ainsi que la bio-culture) ; des activités en plein air pour les enfants ; et enfin de l'assistance psychologique offert par des assistants sociaux dans les communautés locales.
A. Projets de Création de Revenus

	1 . Ateliers des Produits de Coco
	2. Ateliers des Filets de Pêche
	3. Jardinage et Bio Culture

B.Projets Psychosociaux

	1.Récréation des Enfants Scolarisés
	2.Conseils Psychologiques

C.Projets d'Assistance d'Urgence

1. Secours d'Urgence du Tsunami, (décembre 2004 – mars 2005)

<Exemple de projet>

A. Projets de Création de Revenus

Population bénéficiaire : 1,032 personnes en 2004

1. Ateliers des Produits de Coco
La fibre de coco est très pratique dans la vie quotidienne au Sri Lanka. Les cordes de coco ont un usage multiple pour les travaux agricoles (ex. paniers à récolte pour le thé) et sur les chantiers (ex. filets et cord es pour maintenir les toitures et clôtures d'une maison). Les ateliers de cordes de coco ont aussi permis aux participants d'apprendre la fabrication d'autres produits dérivés de coco tels que les tapis et les balais.
Les participants nous ont plus tard émis le désir d'apprendre les techniques d'écoulement de leurs produits. Ce qui signifie que nos projets ont évoluent progressivement vers l'étape de création de revenus. Des experts du marketing ont organisé des cours de stratégie commercial,

2. Ateliers des Filets de Pêche
Les pêcheurs vivant sur les cotes ont subi les dégâts matériels les plus durs. Ils ont perdu tous leurs moyens d'existence tels que les bateaux et les filets. JEN a organisé des ateliers des filets pour répondre aux besoins des pêcheurs. Nous avons distribué aux participants des matières premières au lieu des produits finis, afin de les initier à la fabrication au cours d'ateliers collectifs. Toutes ces activités visent à alléger la souffrance des pêcheurs, en leur permettant de se concentrer sur les travaux artisanaux et en renforçant les relations coopératives avec leurs voisins pendant les ateliers. De plus, les ateliers ont aussi introduit de nouvelles techniques de pêche. Celles-ci seront pratiquées lors de la vente de leurs produits.
Une anecdote illustre bien comment nos activités sont appropriées par les participants. Ils ont offert au personnel de JEN un cadeau cordial: des homards qu'ils avaient pris au filet fabriqués au cours des ateliers. Nous souhaitons qu'une telle satisfaction renforce leur espoir de vivre, celui de retourner à la pêche.

3. Jardinage et Bio Culture
Populations bénéficiaire : 90 personnes en 2006
JEN a aussi entamé des projets d'agriculture biologique en faveur des victimes du Tsunami dans le cadre de nos programmes de création de revenus. Dans le Département de Hambantota habitent autant des familles d'agriculteurs que de pêcheurs, certains pratiquent les deux métiers cumulativement. JEN a organisé des ateliers de bio-culture afin d'aider les victimes à reconstruire leurs moyens d'existence à long terme. La bio-culture se pratique en plusieurs étapes: le recyclage des ordures en les transformant en compost, l'emploi des herbes à la place des insecticides agricoles, l'extermination des insectes nuisibles, le trans-plantage ainsi que la semence des grains. Les populations locales ont non seulement appris le savoir-faire mais aussi le diffusent aux communautés voisines. Nous sommes persuadés que ce mode de transmission profitera au plus grand nombre.

B. Projets Psychosociaux

Population bénéficiaire : 1,300 personnes

1. Récréation des Enfants Scolarisés
JEN a organisé des activités de plein air en faveur des 50 écoliers victimes du Tsunami. Les enfants oubliaient leurs peines en étant soumis aux activités sportives et des interactions avec des amis. Des instructeurs sportifs initient les enfants aux exercices préparatoires, à la gymnastique.
À travers ces activités, les enfants, qui avaient peur même du mugissement des vagues après le raz de marée, ont retrouvé la joie de vivre sur la côte. JEN continue de soutenir les enfants affectés jusqu'à ce qu'ils guérissent totalement.

2. Conseils Psychologiques
Des assistants sociaux et des psychologues prodiguent des conseils à nos auditeurs, qu'ils soient adultes ou enfants. Les victimes du Tsunami ont tendance à se renfermer sur elles-mêmes. Nous les invitons à participer au moins à une activité collective des voisins, au sein de laquelle ils pourront partager leur souffrance et aussi s'encourager mutuellement. Pendant ces activités, les conseillers échangent avec les participants afin de leur donner des traitements psychosociaux selon leur besoin et leur nature.
Au début, les hommes se refusaient de montrer leurs « faiblesses ». Progressivement, ils nous l'avouent à mesure qu'ils deviennent plus optimistes en l'avenir en acceptant d'échanger et de partager leurs expériences dramatiques avec les autres. JEN continuera des projets psychosociaux afin d'encourager les victimes à retrouver confiance en eux-mêmes.

C.Projets d'Assistance d'Urgence :

1. Secours d'Urgence du Tsunami, décembre 2004 – mars 2005
Population bénéficiaire : 2,000 familles (environ 10,000 personnes) en 2004 ; 9,500 personnes en 2003
Dès le 29 décembre 2004, JEN a rapidement entamé les secours d'urgence en réponse des besoins d'abris temporaires pour des victimes. Nous leur avons distribué des biens de première nécessité tels que la nourriture, de l'eau potable et des vêtements. Nous avons assisté en particulier 10,000 personnes issues de quelques 2,000 familles dans le Sud de Hambantota, un des départements le plus affecté par le raz de marée.